aeon
2009-12-08, 09:04
Abstract
A total of 17 Y-specific STR loci were studied in 12 districts of the European part of Russia aiming to ascertain the amount of substructure required for the construction of a representative regional database. All groups exhibited high haplotype diversities but low inter-population variance as measured by an analysis of molecular variance. However, when Western Russia is taken as a whole, the genetic distances to the neighbouring populations were significant. Whereas gradual change in the Y chromosome pool exists between Russia and the Slavic-speaking populations to the West, remarkable discontinuities were observed with neighbouring populations in the East, North and South.
A total of 545 unrelated males from 12 Western Russian populations previously typed for Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism markers were analysed for 17 Y-STR loci evaluated in forensic routine diagnostics. The sampling was carried out in the administrative centers of the following districts (oblasts): Smolenskaja (Smo, n = 43), Brianskaja (Bri, 43), Ivanovskaja (Iva, 40), Lipezkaja (Lip, 47), Penzenskaja (Pen, 81), Ryazanskaja (Rya, 36), Orlovskaja (Orl, 42), Tverskaja (Tve, 43), Vologodskaja (Vol, 40), Tambovskaja (Tam, 48), Archangelskaja (Arch, 42) and Nowgorodskaja (Now, 40).
The eight most frequent haplotypes occurring 34 times in this sample are closely related and belong (with the exception of one haplotype belonging to hg N3-Tat) to haplogroup R1a1-M17. This typical Eastern European haplogroup is the most frequent in all analysed populations with frequencies ranging between 0.31 and 0.56, followed by hg I-M170 (0.09–0.31) and N3-Tat (0.06–0.29).
No genetic substructure was found among the Russian populations. All pairwise comparisons were non-significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, significant variation between populations was observed in the comparison of Western Russia, treated as one homogeneous metapopulation, with neighbouring groups. Because only reduced haplotype formats were available for such reference populations, we performed AMOVA based on 545 minimal 9-locus haplotypes from Western Russia with the previously published 5,366 haplotypes from 11 neighbouring regions (in clockwise direction: Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Siberia and the Caucasus region). All pairwise Φst comparisons between Russia and these neighbours (with the exception of Russia vs. Belarus) were significant with values ranging between 0.0089 (Russia vs. Poland) and 0.3688 (Russia vs. eight Altaic- and Uralic-speaking groups from Siberia). MDS plot based on pairwise Φst values shows a closely related core group consisting of Slavic-speaking populations (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland) with an elevated distance to Baltic populations and a large span to linguistically different groups from Estonia, Finland, Siberia and the Caucasus. From these analyses, we conclude that autochthonous Russian-speaking populations residing for centuries in the European part of Russia can be pooled to form a representative regional reference database for assessment of Y chromosomal matches in forensic analyses. However, on a level of quite low but significant Φst values, Western Russian populations can be grouped together with a much larger metapopulation defined within the forensic YHRD. This genetically distinct “Eastern European” metapopulation (n = 5,993, YHRD release 22 from 2007-08-10) comprises 56 Balto-Slavic-speaking populations from Eastern Europe.
http://s47.radikal.ru/i118/0912/12/5f4fc1325947.jpg
http://s57.radikal.ru/i157/0912/60/28b2b4085d41.jpg
http://i038.radikal.ru/0912/02/299dc48c031d.jpghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755792/
A total of 17 Y-specific STR loci were studied in 12 districts of the European part of Russia aiming to ascertain the amount of substructure required for the construction of a representative regional database. All groups exhibited high haplotype diversities but low inter-population variance as measured by an analysis of molecular variance. However, when Western Russia is taken as a whole, the genetic distances to the neighbouring populations were significant. Whereas gradual change in the Y chromosome pool exists between Russia and the Slavic-speaking populations to the West, remarkable discontinuities were observed with neighbouring populations in the East, North and South.
A total of 545 unrelated males from 12 Western Russian populations previously typed for Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism markers were analysed for 17 Y-STR loci evaluated in forensic routine diagnostics. The sampling was carried out in the administrative centers of the following districts (oblasts): Smolenskaja (Smo, n = 43), Brianskaja (Bri, 43), Ivanovskaja (Iva, 40), Lipezkaja (Lip, 47), Penzenskaja (Pen, 81), Ryazanskaja (Rya, 36), Orlovskaja (Orl, 42), Tverskaja (Tve, 43), Vologodskaja (Vol, 40), Tambovskaja (Tam, 48), Archangelskaja (Arch, 42) and Nowgorodskaja (Now, 40).
The eight most frequent haplotypes occurring 34 times in this sample are closely related and belong (with the exception of one haplotype belonging to hg N3-Tat) to haplogroup R1a1-M17. This typical Eastern European haplogroup is the most frequent in all analysed populations with frequencies ranging between 0.31 and 0.56, followed by hg I-M170 (0.09–0.31) and N3-Tat (0.06–0.29).
No genetic substructure was found among the Russian populations. All pairwise comparisons were non-significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, significant variation between populations was observed in the comparison of Western Russia, treated as one homogeneous metapopulation, with neighbouring groups. Because only reduced haplotype formats were available for such reference populations, we performed AMOVA based on 545 minimal 9-locus haplotypes from Western Russia with the previously published 5,366 haplotypes from 11 neighbouring regions (in clockwise direction: Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Siberia and the Caucasus region). All pairwise Φst comparisons between Russia and these neighbours (with the exception of Russia vs. Belarus) were significant with values ranging between 0.0089 (Russia vs. Poland) and 0.3688 (Russia vs. eight Altaic- and Uralic-speaking groups from Siberia). MDS plot based on pairwise Φst values shows a closely related core group consisting of Slavic-speaking populations (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland) with an elevated distance to Baltic populations and a large span to linguistically different groups from Estonia, Finland, Siberia and the Caucasus. From these analyses, we conclude that autochthonous Russian-speaking populations residing for centuries in the European part of Russia can be pooled to form a representative regional reference database for assessment of Y chromosomal matches in forensic analyses. However, on a level of quite low but significant Φst values, Western Russian populations can be grouped together with a much larger metapopulation defined within the forensic YHRD. This genetically distinct “Eastern European” metapopulation (n = 5,993, YHRD release 22 from 2007-08-10) comprises 56 Balto-Slavic-speaking populations from Eastern Europe.
http://s47.radikal.ru/i118/0912/12/5f4fc1325947.jpg
http://s57.radikal.ru/i157/0912/60/28b2b4085d41.jpg
http://i038.radikal.ru/0912/02/299dc48c031d.jpghttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755792/