West Asian, East African, South Asian and North African aDNA Data (mtDNA and Y-DNA)

[Humanist]

Instead of adding to posts on the same topic in the Dodecad thread, I am creating a separate thread, to discuss West Asian, East African, South Asian, and North African aDNA. It will be limited to mtDNA and Y-DNA. So, for example, ancient Egyptian autosomal STR data is OT. Ancient Egyptian Y-DNA data is not. We can create another thread for autosomal STR, SNP, etc. aDNA data. Feel free to refer to autosomal data in discussions related to the subject of this thread. However, any such data will not be included in what is being compiled and presented in this specific thread.

Additional results, links to the actual papers, and other details associated with the samples will be added. I also plan to create a map, marking the locations for each of the samples listed below.

Please point out any mistakes. And, of course, please feel to suggest additions, along with the necessary support. When I say "necessary support," I mean, it cannot be based on, for example, the supposed haplotype observed in the King Tutankhamun television documentary. This is what I am looking for:

Hawass et al., "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family," (http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjama.ama-assn.org%2Fcontent%2F303%2F7%2F638.abstract&ei=ARhCT-OAKIH50gH1oOGrBw&usg=AFQjCNGrS7CRXZviR0xQtiUsJoqw6bHIrQ) Journal of the American Medical Association 2010;303(7):638-647.


Markers DYS393 and YGATA-H4 showed identical allele constellations (repeat motif located in the microsatellite allele reiterated 13 and 11 times, respectively) in Amenhotep III (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III), KV55 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KV55), and Tutankhamun (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun) but different allelotypes in the nonrelated CCG61065 (http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/suppl/2010/02/15/303.7.638.DC2) sample from TT320 (9 and 9, respectively). Syngeneic Y-chromosomal DNA in the 3 former mummies indicates that they share the same paternal lineage.

Source: Jean Manco's New Vistas on the Distant Past (http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/ancientdna.shtml)




mtDNA

Note: mtDNA haplogroups and subclades may not be current with the most recent version of the PhyloTree (http://www.phylotree.org/tree/main.htm).

Neolithic
1 T2b Syria PPNB 7400-6700 BC
2 H or K Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
3 ? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
4 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
5 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
6 H5 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
7 K? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
8 R? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
9 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
10 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
11 H Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
12 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
13 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
14 C1 Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
15 H3a? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
16 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
17 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
18 H3a? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
19 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
20 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC

Copper Age / Chalcolithic
21 H3a Turkey Ubaid 5000-4500 BC
22 U3a Israel ------ 4490-4335 BC
23 H? Israel ------ 4460-4365 BC
24 H6 Israel ------ 4240-4065 BC
25 H? Israel ------ 3765‐3650 BC

Bronze Age
26 H14a Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
27 U4 Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
28 U4a2b Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
29 R Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
30 J1a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
31 L2a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
32 K Syria Amorite 2650–2450 BC Site in Syria (Amorite?)

Iron Age
33 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
34 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
35 H Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
36 H or J1 Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
37 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
38 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
39 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
40 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
41 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
42 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
43 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem

Roman
44 H2a2b1 SY/IT Roman --c. 150 AD-- Luke the Evangelist (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist). Born Antioch, Syria; buried Padua, Italy

[5aday]

Do you know anything about H29 ? I know just 1 Italian, 2 Druze and me (Turk) have got it, but l wish l had some more information about it.

[newtoboard]

What is the source of mtdna U2e, U4 and U5 in NW South Asia?

And do Iranian Azeris seems to have more mtdna H than most Iranians(do non Azeri iranians have mtdna H at all-not sure)?

[Palisto]

This is a good summary:
http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/ancientdna.shtml

[Lol_Race]

Still waiting for that East African aDNA. :p

[Humanist]

This is a good summary:
http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/ancientdna.shtml

That is the source. It is referred to above. Thank you, though.

[Humanist]

Also, feel free to add news/info on possible future sources of aDNA. It does not really matter how likely or not.

Site: Ziyaret Tepe (Assyrian provincial capital of Tushhan) (http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/index.html)
Location: Diyarbakır Province, SE Turkey
Date: August 3, 2011


We were also fortunate to find a well preserved Late Assyrian burial, with grave goods, immediately below the surface. The body was originally buried in a pit beneath the floor of the palace. Although the floor that sealed the burial is gone, we were able to discern the edges of the inhumation pit. The photo below shows Chelsea in the process of excavating the body. There is a complete pottery vessel (with only one piece broken off), as well as a metal pin or fibula at the hip, presumably pinned to the garments used in the burial but long since decayed.

http://blogs.uakron.edu/ziyaret/files/2011/08/chelsea-and-grave.jpg

Project Director, Dr. Timothy Matney, of the U. of Akron, replies to a question, regarding the remains:


Carolyn B. says:
August 6, 2011 at 2:10 am
I’d be interested to hear more about this burial – not only the details of age, sex, etc. but also whether you expect other burials in this area and if not, why not. I’d also like to learn where the bones will go after you examine them.


matney says:
August 7, 2011 at 6:52 pm
Chelsea has made a quick preliminary study of the bones. The skeleton is a male, at least of middle age. Several features of the skeleton typically used for ageing are intact and will allow us to further refine the age range.

We have found several burials associated with the use of the Bronze Palace, but they are all cremation burials; this is the first inhumation. The practice of cremation is unusual for the Assyrians and perhaps reflects the influence of other traditions out here on the frontier, e.g., other Assyrian cremations are reported from Kavusan, a small site close to Ziyaret Tepe. More typical are inhumations below the floors. It is interesting to find such burials beneath the floors of the palace; we might expect to find further intramural inhumations in the private houses in the lower town, but that will have to wait for the results from Operation T.

At the moment, all human bones are archived in our depot here in Tepe for future study. At the conclusion of the excavation, we hope to transfer the entire collection to a University department, where the skeletal material can be made available to future researchers. We did this with the human bones from my previous excavation at Titris Hoyuk, which are now housed in the physical anthropology department at Hacettepe University in Ankara.

Source: Assyrian burial discovered in Bronze Palace. (http://blogs.uakron.edu/ziyaret/2011/08/03/assyrian-burial-discovered-in-bronze-palace/)

[Vasishta]

Also, feel free to add news/info on possible future sources of aDNA. It does not really matter how likely or not.

65 graves point to largest Harappan burial site next door to capital (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/65-graves-point-to-largest-harappan-burial-site-next-door-to-capital/430083/0)


Archaeologists from three universities have been at work since the beginning of this year in Haryana’s Sonepat district, digging for what may turn out to be one of the most significant breakthroughs in the study of South Asian protohistory.
Evidence of 65 burials has been unearthed over the past month at the site in Farmana, 60-odd km from Delhi, making it the largest Harappan burial site found in India so far.

The digging is in its third season now. Evidence of seven burials was discovered last year, and should the work continue into another season, experts say Farmana may throw up evidence of a larger number of burials than even Harappa, the Pakistani Punjab town from which the civilisation of the Indus valley (c. 3300 BC-1300 BC) takes its name.

The discovery holds enormous potential, said Prof Vasant Shinde of the Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, the director of the excavation project.

“With a larger sample size it will be easier for scholars to determine the composition of the population, the prevalent customs, whether they were indigenous or migrated from outside,” Prof Shinde said.

A century-and-a-half after the great civilization was discovered, historians still have no definite answers to a number of questions, including where the Harappans came from, and why their highly sophisticated culture suddenly died out.

“For the first time, we will conduct scientific tests on skeletal remains, pottery and botanical evidence found at the site, to try to understand multiple aspects of Harappan life,” Prof Shinde said.

“DNA tests on bones might conclusively end the debate on whether the Harappans were an indigenous population or migrants. Trace element analyses will help us chart their diet ¿ a higher percentage of zinc will prove they were non-vegetarians; larger traces of magnesium will suggest a vegetarian diet.”

Most chemical, botanical and physical anthropology tests will be done at Deccan College. But the more sophisticated and expensive DNA and dating tests will be conducted in Japan. The Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto and Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, are collaborating with Deccan College under the aegis of the Archaeological Survey of India for the project.

The team also plans to carry out coring tests in lakes around the Farmana site to ascertain climatic conditions prevalent at the time of the Harappan civilization, and investigate whether the decline of the culture followed catastrophic climate change.

The burials found so far are expected to be from around 4509 BP (before present), or 2600-2200 BC. “There are three different levels of burials and at some places skeletal remains have been found one above the other. All the graves are rectangular ¿ different from other Harappan burials sites, which usually have oblong graves,” Prof Shinde said.

The site shows evidence of primary (full skeleton), secondary (only some bones) and symbolic burials, with most graves oriented northwest-southeast, though there are some with north-south and northeast-southwest orientations as well. The variations in burial orientation suggests different groups in the same community, Prof Shinde said. The differences in the numbers of pots as offerings suggest social and economic differences within the community. Also in evidence are significant signs of regional variations that contest the idea of a homogenous Harappan culture.

Prof Upinder Singh of the Department of History, Delhi University, expressed enthusiasm about the project. “If such a large Harappan cemetery has been discovered, I am sure it is going to be of significant help in historical research,” she said. “The entire fraternity of research scholars and academics would be looking forward to knowing about the findings at the site.”

http://s02.imageupper.com/1_t/3/P13298106412065186_1.jpg (http://imageupper.com/i/?S0200010030011P13298106412065186) http://s02.imageupper.com/1_t/3/P13298106412065186_2.jpg (http://imageupper.com/i/?S0200010030021P13298106412065186) http://s02.imageupper.com/1_t/3/P13298106412065186_3.jpg (http://imageupper.com/i/?S0200010030031P13298106412065186)

Environmental Change and the Indus Civilization - Osada Toshiki et al. (http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/rihn_e/project2009/H-03.html)

The Indus civilization (2600 BC - 1900 BC) is one of the four great ancient civilizations. It is known for its cultural and technological achievements—its characteristic seals and scripts, fortified settlements and sewage systems—and also for its brief tenure. Indus cities and culture spread over 680,000 km2 along the Indus and Ghaggar rivers and into Gujarat in Western India, yet its urban phase lasted for only 700 years, a much shorter period than any of its contemporaries. Drawing on archaeology, Indology, and paleo-environmental study, project members compose social and environmental histories of several Indus civilization cities in order to determine whether environmental factors were the cause of their short life and rapid decline.
No idea whether they will release autosomal aDNA, or even y-DNA and mtDNA data. Hopefully, they do. The former will be more useful, if it was a choice between the two. Thank to user Prithvi for pointing this out to all of us.

[Humanist]

Dienekes has a post up: Neolithic expansions: how the European foragers were assimilated (http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/03/neolithic-expansions-how-european.html)

PLoS ONE 7(3): e32473. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032473

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Neolithic Expansion into Europe (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032473)

Qiaomei Fu, Pavao Rudan, Svante Pääbo, Johannes Krause


The Neolithic transition from hunting and gathering to farming and cattle breeding marks one of the most drastic cultural changes in European prehistory. Short stretches of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from skeletons of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers as well as early Neolithic farmers support the demic diffusion model where a migration of early farmers from the Near East and a replacement of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers are largely responsible for cultural innovation and changes in subsistence strategies during the Neolithic revolution in Europe. In order to test if a signal of population expansion is still present in modern European mitochondrial DNA, we analyzed a comprehensive dataset of 1,151 complete mtDNAs from present-day Europeans. Relying upon ancient DNA data from previous investigations, we identified mtDNA haplogroups that are typical for early farmers and hunter-gatherers, namely H and U respectively. Bayesian skyline coalescence estimates were then used on subsets of complete mtDNAs from modern populations to look for signals of past population expansions. Our analyses revealed a population expansion between 15,000 and 10,000 years before present (YBP) in mtDNAs typical for hunters and gatherers, with a decline between 10,000 and 5,000 YBP. These corresponded to an analogous population increase approximately 9,000 YBP for mtDNAs typical of early farmers. The observed changes over time suggest that the spread of agriculture in Europe involved the expansion of farming populations into Europe followed by the eventual assimilation of resident hunter-gatherers. Our data show that contemporary mtDNA datasets can be used to study ancient population history if only limited ancient genetic data is available.




Figure S3.

Haplogroup frequency of pre-Neolithic samples

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/journalpone0032473s003.jpg


Figure S4.

Haplogroup frequency of Neolithic samples

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/journalpone0032473s004.jpg


ME Neolithic and post-Neolithic mtDNA data posted in the original post in this thread

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/neo_post_mtdna_adna.jpg


In the ME Syria/Turkey/Israel aDNA samples, from the Neolithic and post-Neolithic, unlike the European pre-Neolithic remains described in figure S3, H is dominant, U is < 10%, and U5 appears to be completely absent from the samples assigned a haplogroup.


Comparison to three modern populations from present day Turkey, Armenia, Iraq and Iran: Armenians, Azeris, and Assyrians. From here (http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showpost.php?p=724085&postcount=22). H is the dominant haplogroup in all three groups. In contrast to the Neolithic and post-Neolithic aDNA from Turkey, Israel, and Syria, U is observed with significant frequency. It is the second most frequent haplogroup observed in all three groups. And, although U5 is observed, its frequency is relatively modest (see further below, for U break down, from this study (Assyrian frequencies added) (http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showpost.php?p=530691&postcount=1)).


HG Asy Azr Arm
H 27% 26% 27%
U 25% 20% 16%
HV 16% 10% 12%
J 14% 11% 13%
T 8% 11% 8%
K 3% 6% 5%
I 2% 5% 4%
N 2% 2% 5%
W 2% 2% 3%
X 2% 1% 4%
M 0% 1% 0%
A 0% 1% 0%
D 0% 1% 0%
L 0% 1% 0%
R 0% ? 2%
V 0% ? 1%
F 0% ? 1%
? 0% 3% ?



ID U* U1a U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 K(U8)
Ab 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.044 0.000 Arab
Ar 0.000 0.019 0.038 0.077 0.038 0.019 0.019 0.000 0.076 Armenian
As 0.016 0.048 0.016 0.048 0.016 0.016 0.000 0.095 0.032 Assyrian
Az 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.019 0.038 0.000 0.094 0.038 Azeri
B 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.016 0.000 0.081 0.016 Baloch
G 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.043 Gilak
J 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.145 0.000 Jewish
K 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.073 0.036 Kurd
L1 0.000 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 Lur1
L2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345 0.103 Lur2
M 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.059 0.000 0.020 0.020 Mazandarani
P 0.017 0.000 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.034 0.000 0.103 0.034 Pars
Qa 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.108 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.065 0.022 Qashqaee
Qe 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.036 Qeshm
T 0.036 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.036 0.036 0.000 0.073 0.036 Turkmen
Z 0.000 0.020 0.143 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.000 Zoroastrian

[newtoboard]

Intresting. Why do certain Iranian ethnic groups have U1 and U2 while others dont'? U2=U2e here I presume? U4/U5/k are interesting. What is the source of U4 and U5 in Iran?

And is the Caucasian Albanian admixture in Azeris real? Can you tell from mtdna?

---------- Post added 2012-03-14 at 13:11 ----------



65 graves point to largest Harappan burial site next door to capital (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/65-graves-point-to-largest-harappan-burial-site-next-door-to-capital/430083/0)


Environmental Change and the Indus Civilization - Osada Toshiki et al. (http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/rihn_e/project2009/H-03.html)

The Indus civilization (2600 BC - 1900 BC) is one of the four great ancient civilizations. It is known for its cultural and technological achievements—its characteristic seals and scripts, fortified settlements and sewage systems—and also for its brief tenure. Indus cities and culture spread over 680,000 km2 along the Indus and Ghaggar rivers and into Gujarat in Western India, yet its urban phase lasted for only 700 years, a much shorter period than any of its contemporaries. Drawing on archaeology, Indology, and paleo-environmental study, project members compose social and environmental histories of several Indus civilization cities in order to determine whether environmental factors were the cause of their short life and rapid decline.
No idea whether they will release autosomal aDNA, or even y-DNA and mtDNA data. Hopefully, they do. The former will be more useful, if it was a choice between the two. Thank to user Prithvi for pointing this out to all of us.


Sounds exciting. When wil this come out if it does?

[pakistani]

^ wont ever trust data coming out of India unless it is being tested by an international team. and it's not even fully proven that those 65 graves belong to the indus valley civilization

[soulblighter]

^^
Osada Toshiki is not an Indian name. Atleast there are research papers coming out of India. Lets see you and your like-minded cohorts publish something with your "bottomless wordly knowledge" (sarcasm intended) about everything South Asian and the world and see how far it goes.

Getting back on topic, I don't know what the team that excavated the site near Delhi has been waiting for. Prithvi said that they expect to publish something this year, hopefully they have some interesting DNA results! Probably the first ancient DNA from the Indian subcontinent?

[beyoku]

Dienekes has a post up: Neolithic expansions: how the European foragers were assimilated (http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/03/neolithic-expansions-how-european.html)


All Very interesting. Its seems the new Neolithic folks had an abundance of what one user called "Haplogroup Hoe" :lol:

On a serious note, Does the presence of H lineages in Northern Africa represent a Western movement during the same time frame of the Neolithic? It kind of seems like it. It would be interesting if the same Neolithic movement into Europe that was responsible for the reduction of native lineages like U5.......was also responsible for native L lineages in Northern Africa. This is the immediate impression i get not having studied European mtdna (at all).


Here is an aDNA artilce an Egyptian mummies. Svante Pääbo published in the 1980's. Maybe someone can decode this data.
He is also on that article above.

http://www.sendspace.com/file/lbw7gg

[Vasishta]

wont ever trust data coming out of India unless it is being tested by an international team.
If you are to make such sweeping statements, you are obliged to provide the appropriate evidence that supports these preposterous statements. Please. Take your senseless, base-less and malicious anti-Indian agenda-ridden garbage elsewhere.

[pakistani]

If you are to make such sweeping statements, you are obliged to provide the appropriate evidence that supports these preposterous statements. Please. Take your senseless, base-less and malicious anti-Indian agenda-ridden garbage elsewhere.

Its not about anti indian, it's about anti hindu nationalism. In India they love to mix religion with science to prove their hindutva fantasies correct. If a outside team is involved in these testings, then it is much better for science, because no one will ever trust a word coming out of hindu nationalists


---------- Post added 2012-03-14 at 16:55 ----------


^^
Osada Toshiki is not an Indian name. Atleast there are research papers coming out of India. Lets see you and your like-minded cohorts publish something with your "bottomless wordly knowledge" (sarcasm intended) about everything South Asian and the world and see how far it goes.

Getting back on topic, I don't know what the team that excavated the site near Delhi has been waiting for. Prithvi said that they expect to publish something this year, hopefully they have some interesting DNA results! Probably the first ancient DNA from the Indian subcontinent?

who is he? can you provide more info? if he is a outsider then this is a first time I am seeing a non indian being allowed to do research there

[newtoboard]

^ wont ever trust data coming out of India unless it is being tested by an international team. and it's not even fully proven that those 65 graves belong to the indus valley civilization

Dude shut the fuck up. You really are a useless piece of shit. Either contribute to the discussion at hand or get the fuck out of this thread. People are actually discussing DNA not trolling.

[soulblighter]

Look at the second link by vasishta.
2 Japanese, 2 Indians and 2 pakistanis. And not everyone has their face stuck in the ass of Jamatud dawa and the RSS. Hopefully someday you will realize that most people are not prejudiced.




Its not about anti indian, it's about anti hindu nationalism. In India they love to mix religion with science to prove their hindutva fantasies correct. If a outside team is involved in these testings, then it is much better for science, because no one will ever trust a word coming out of hindu nationalists


---------- Post added 2012-03-14 at 16:55 ----------



who is he? can you provide more info? if he is a outsider then this is a first time I am seeing a non indian being allowed to do research there


Back on topic, I wonder if ancient DNA from south India will ever be found. There have been some recent harappa like artifacts excavated, but no gravesites.
http://WWW.docstoc.com/docs/80980706/A-Megalithic-pottery-inscription-and-a-harappa-tablet-A-case-of

[newtoboard]

Can't you google his name moron. Or are you too dumb to do that?

Yea its really the first time someone else can do research there.

This paper from 1995 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7717409) obviously didn't involve non Indians.

[pakistani]

Look at the second link by vasishta.
2 Japanese, 2 Indians and 2 pakistanis. And not everyone has their face stuck in the ass of Jamatud dawa and the RSS. Hopefully someday you will realize that most people are not prejudiced.






Back on topic, I wonder if ancient DNA from south India will ever be found. There have been some recent harappa like artifacts excavated, but no gravesites.

Thanks, well then it's good, projects like these are much more reliable then projects being administered by nationalists. I am glad this one has more of a international base, so the results will be more accurate. I dont trust things coming out of India when every single name on the studies are some brahmins

[soulblighter]

Thanks, well then it's good, projects like these are much more reliable then projects being administered by nationalists. I am glad this one has more of a international base, so the results will be more accurate. I dont trust things coming out of India when every single name on the studies are some brahmins


I don't know what your problem is with Brahmins and I frankly don't care. However I am curious how you identify brahmins so easily from their names especially when many south Indian Brahmins do not even have a last name. Quote a paper where every single name is supposedly a Brahmin.

[pakistani]

^ north indian brahmins do and it's really easy to find names on internet

[asingh]

It will be exciting to see these results.

[pakistani]

btw, these results wont indicate any difference, since we already know that indo aryan migrations had very little affect on the population genetically. ANI/ASI numbers would probably be similar to current populations of the region

[Humanist]

Will a mod please clean this thread up?

[newtoboard]

Can we talk about Kalash mtdna? A lot of prehv1 (R0a), u2e, u4, and J2. Whereas neighboring populations tend to be HV, U2i(U2a, U2b, U2c), U7 and J1. And mtdna I seems to be prevalent in Southern Pakistan.

(If you are the type of idiot who thinks its because they are Greek(their greek ancestry is 0%) please don't comment),

[soulblighter]

I found this paper interesting regarding out of africa spread of mtDNA. Don't know about its validity or relevance though:
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1590/770.full.pdf+html

[Humanist]

Here is an aDNA article on Egyptian mummies. Svante Pääbo published in the 1980's. Maybe someone can decode this data.

He is also on that article above.

http://www.sendspace.com/file/lbw7gg


Thanks, beyoku.

Any idea what study (if any) this finding was published in? See below, please:

The Private Lives of the Pyramid-builders (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/pyramid_builders_01.shtml)
By Dr Joyce Tyldesley


Who were the pyramid builders?

After comparing DNA samples taken from the workers' bones with samples taken from modern Egyptians, Dr Moamina Kamal of Cairo University Medical School has suggested that Khufu's pyramid was a truly nationwide project, with workers drawn to Giza from all over Egypt.

[beyoku]

Thanks, beyoku.

Any idea what study (if any) this finding was published in? See below, please:

The Private Lives of the Pyramid-builders (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/pyramid_builders_01.shtml)
By Dr Joyce Tyldesley

Mohammad Kamal, MD
Pathologist
mkamal@plusdx.com

Dr. Kamal is a diplomat of the American Board of Pathology. Dr. Kamal was born in Washington, D.C. and was raised and educated in Cairo, Egypt. After receiving his medical degree from Cairo University School of Medicine, Dr. Kamal returned to the United States to continue his studies and research in Los Angeles, CA. He completed his pathology residency at Harbor UCLA Medical Center and fellowship training at the Klaus Lewin GI Pathology fellowship program at UCLA.

Someone should email him and ask. Not me though.

[Humanist]

Mohammad Kamal, MD
Pathologist
mkamal@plusdx.com

Dr. Kamal is a diplomat of the American Board of Pathology. Dr. Kamal was born in Washington, D.C. and was raised and educated in Cairo, Egypt. After receiving his medical degree from Cairo University School of Medicine, Dr. Kamal returned to the United States to continue his studies and research in Los Angeles, CA. He completed his pathology residency at Harbor UCLA Medical Center and fellowship training at the Klaus Lewin GI Pathology fellowship program at UCLA.

Someone should email him and ask. Not me though.

Thanks for the info, mate.

[Humanist]

Something I posted in another thread. Hopefully, the SNAFUs get sorted out.


From the "NewChronology" message board. As in, New Chronology v. Conventional Chronology of the ancient Near East.

The individual below is referring to a lecture, "Karkamish revisited (http://www.soas.ac.uk/nme/ane/lcane/seminars/19mar2012-karkamish-revisited.html)," delivered by Prof. David Hawkins, School of Oriental and African Studies, at the University of London. Prof. Hawkins presented a paper on the same topic, in January of this year, at the "Karkemish: Attività della Missione Archeologica congiunta turco-italiana" conference in Italy. Hawkins' paper is listed here, in the conference program (http://www.archeologia.unibo.it/NR/rdonlyres/96D533D3-BB2C-4F71-BD25-51CA8CB72387/0/Karkemishprogram.pdf) ("The new Luwian hieroglyphic stele from Karkemish: at the origins of the Suhi-Katuwa dynasty").

Now, the post made to the "NewChronology" message board:

Tue Mar 20, 2012 6:27 pm


Prof. Hawkins gave a talk yesterday on recent developments at Carchemish. The outer town is in Syria and some recent excavations have taken place there. The inner town and citadel mound are in Turkey and after extensive mine clearance, an Italian-Turkish team was due to start excavations last year, but due to problems with permits, only the expedition leader (Nicolo Marchetti) was allowed on the site! Nevertheless, he managed to find a new stela! It mentions Great King of Carchemish Uratarhundas, son of Great King Sapazitis (the first sylable was formerly uncertain and this name was written X-pa-zitis), and Suhis (I?), a Country Lord of Carchemish, who erected the stela and seems to have been a kinsman of Uratarhundas, and it mentions a war against Sura which Hawkins now takes to be Assyria.

The stela is similar in content to Stela A4b (picture in CoD, p.136, fig.6.7). Hawkins dates the stela in the 10th century BC, as does Peter James (CoD, p.135), but James equates Uratarhundas with Talmi-Teshub, Great King of Carchemish of the Empire period, on the basis that their names mean the same in different languages (Luwian and Hurrian respectively). Sapazitis would then be the Luwian name of Ini-Teshub, father of Talmi-T, but without equivalence of meaning. The Empire period Hittites are linked to the Egyptians, so a 10th century date would not suit NC. However, it may be possible to put all these characters in the 9th century but that would be the subject for another post.


Carchemish (source (http://www.todayszaman.com/news-258491-excavation-of-historic-city-of-karkamis-slated-to-begin-as-mine-removal-ends.html))

The ancient city of Carchemish, located in southest Turkey near the border with Syria, will again be excavated after a hiatus of almost 100 years. It was a major city in the empires of Mitanni, the Hittites, and the Neo-Assyrians. Occupation at the site goes back to the Early Bronze Age, but its most famous periods were the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, when it was the location of two major world events--the signing of the Treaty of Kadesh (between Egypt and the Neo-Hittite empire) and the battle of Carchemish (which signaled the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian empire). The city of Carchemish is mentioned 3 times in the Bible (2 Chronicles 35:20; Isaiah 10:9; Jeremiah 46:2), including mention of the famous battle of Carchemish between Necho II leading the Egyptians and Assyrians, and Nebuchadnezzar II leading the Babylonians. The Babylonians were victorious and became the undisputed dominant power within the ancient Near East after this battle. 2 Chronicles 35 relates that King Josiah of Judah participated in this battle on the side of the Babylonians, but was wounded by archers and died soon after. Following this, Babylon asserts its power over Judah, eventually making it a vassal state. This leads to rebellions in Judah, culminating in the ca. 587 BC destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians.

Hurriyet Daily News (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/karkamis-city-cleared-of-mines.aspx?pageID=238&nID=6385&NewsCatID=340)

"Excavations did not start for a long time in the ancient city of Karkamış because of land mines in the area. The city has been cleared of explosives and will turn into a archaeology park with the work of a Turkish and Italian team over the next five years."

Photo from an earlier Hurriyet article:

http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2010/12/05/clear.jpg

Photos from a "The Archaeology News Network (http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2011/10/karkams-dig-to-begin-after-landmines.html)" article:

"View of the Karkamış site [Credit: turizminsesi]"

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rDRv_U6x238/TohrpbxN-JI/AAAAAAAAPY4/uArPCE5vKh4/s1600/Karkamis_01.jpg

"Mines removed from the ancient city of Karkamış [Credit: BigHaber]"

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4TRK-m_Pv-M/TohrvF8PlnI/AAAAAAAAPY8/eWOUzlsBYno/s1600/Karkamis_02.jpg

"View and reconstruction of ancient Karkamış [Credit: TurkiyeTurizm]"

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ZHP827-jYo/Tohr-V4qzWI/AAAAAAAAPZA/Kw431E9-Whg/s1600/Karkamis_03.jpg

Location:
http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/wilkinson329/images/figure1big.jpg

[Rochefaton]

T2b has been found in remains from 8,000+ years ago in Syria? Sweetness. Looks like my foremothers were getting around back in the day. ;)

[Humanist]

Also, feel free to add news/info on possible future sources of aDNA. It does not really matter how likely or not.

Site: Ziyaret Tepe (Assyrian provincial capital of Tushhan) (http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/index.html)
Location: Diyarbakır Province, SE Turkey
Date: August 3, 2011

http://blogs.uakron.edu/ziyaret/files/2011/08/chelsea-and-grave.jpg

Project Director, Dr. Timothy Matney, of the U. of Akron, replies to a question, regarding the remains:


Source: Assyrian burial discovered in Bronze Palace. (http://blogs.uakron.edu/ziyaret/2011/08/03/assyrian-burial-discovered-in-bronze-palace/)

The Tushan dig is in the news.

Archaeologists discover lost language (http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/archaeologists-discover-lost-language/)


Researchers working at Ziyaret Tepe, the probable site of the ancient Assyrian city of Tušhan, believe that the language may have been spoken by deportees originally from the Zagros Mountains, on the border of modern-day Iran and Iraq.

In keeping with a policy widely practised across the Assyrian Empire, these people may have been forcibly moved from their homeland and resettled in what is now south-east Turkey, where they would have been set to work building the new frontier city and farming its hinterland.

[Padre Organtino]

I wish skeletal remains from Kuro-Arax, Maykop, Koban culture were tested.

[joseph capelli]

Anything from Bronze Age Anatolia?

[Polako]

Anything from Bronze Age Anatolia?

There will be a lot of stuff from Anatolia, Neolithic and Bronze Age as well, I'm sure.

Link (https://sites.google.com/site/beanresearchnetwork/description-of-research-projects)

[beyoku]

Ancient Y-DNA from Nubia. (http://etd2.uofk.edu/view_etd.php?etd_details=4312)


Y-chromosome terms this mean in simplest terms introgression of the YAP insertion (haplogroups E and D), and Eurasian Haplogroups which are defined by F-M89 against a background of haplogroup A-M13

[Humanist]

Another photo. From the Ziyaret Tepe blog (by Dr. Timothy Matney):


Posted on July 6, 2011
This is Chelsea’s third season with us and is coming out to collect information for her M.A. thesis, studying a collection of Assyrian skeletons, including some very unusual cremation burials found buried under the courtyard pavement of the Bronze Palace.

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/skull.jpg

[joseph capelli]

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/neo_post_mtdna_adna.jpg[/CENTER]

Do you know which subclades those L haplos are?

East African haplos?

[Humanist]

Do you know which subclades those L haplos are?

East African haplos?

Yeah. They are listed as L2a1 on Jean Manco's site. Whether this is current with the most recent Phylotree build, I do not know.

Edit: I should also add that they were only observed in Syria. Of the limited samples thus far examined. None in Israel or Turkey.

[Svin]

ME Neolithic and post-Neolithic mtDNA data posted in the original post in this thread

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/neo_post_mtdna_adna.jpg[/CENTER]




Thanks for sharing, this sort of debunks what many have been saying about Jews significantly just converting 'European' females, just because H subclades are rarer amongst Arabs, while Jews comparably lack the M, R, W and L sub-clades, which are today widespread amongst many Middle Easterners.

IMO the 'Mediterranean' components high presence amongst some Berbers and its increase amongst Jews who trace their ancestry back to North Africa, might partially share some relationship with the mtDNA's H prevalent amongst both groups.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00493.x/pdf


Yeah. They are listed as L2a1 on Jean Manco's site. Whether this is current with the most recent Phylotree build, I do not know.

Edit: I should also add that they were only observed in Syria. Of the limited samples thus far examined. None in Israel or Turkey.

Suprising, considering they are not an unusual result for Ashkenazi female lineages particularly.

[Tsukonin]

Nothing about Guanches? :D



mtdna frequency (http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n2/fig_tab/5201075t3.html#figure-title) (detailed (http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n2/fig_tab/5201075t2.html)) of the aborigines of the Canary islands (~1000 C.E.):
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/Mt_DNA_Guanches.jpg

compared to modern mainland berbers:
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/graphmtdna2.png
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/graphmtdnadet2.png


y-dna (http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-181.pdf) (detailed (http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/gydna.png))
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/Y_DNA_Guanches_2.jpg
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/Y_DNA_Guanches.jpg


---------- Post added 2012-05-13 at 11:26 ----------

Taforalt remains (12000 years bp, north Morocco):

Kefi et Al. (http://www.scribd.com/uzop/d/13401653-P3-Kefi-Et-Al-Anthropologie-2005) (french)

http://www.pasteur.fr/%7Etekaia/BCGA/TALKS/Rym_Kefi.ppt

[BerberWarrior]

Nothing about Guanches? :D
[LIST]
mtdna frequency (http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n2/fig_tab/5201075t3.html#figure-title) (detailed (http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n2/fig_tab/5201075t2.html)) of the aborigines of the Canary islands (~1000 C.E.):
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/Mt_DNA_Guanches.jpg

compared to modern mainland berbers:
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/graphmtdna2.png
http://i1012.photobucket.com/albums/af246/jjajangmyeon/graphmtdnadet2.png



Nothing other than I don't see the point comparing 71 Guanches from one island to 23 persons of different backgrounds from the Maghreb of FTDNA. L , U and H don't all have the same frequencies in every region , L varies from 8% (Kabyles) to 20% to say the least when U6 vary from 30% (Mozabite) to 0% (Tunisia). so I think it is misleading. Guanches maternal specificity is only a sub-clade of U6 they only got which is U6b1.:yes:

[Tsukonin]

^the same statement could be made about guanches remains, which come from different islands.

I compare with what I have: real persons I share with. There are unfortunately very few people tested so I can't make separate charts for each region of the Maghreb. I think it's interesting nonetheless to have a global view of the haplogroup frequencies, which helps to avoid local and uninteresting variations btw.

[Polako]

^ That study about the Gaunches is very important, because it shows that R1b-M269 was already present on the Atlantic fringe in pre-Indo-European times. On the other hand R1a was only detected there in historic and modern samples.

[Humanist]

Taforalt remains (12000 years bp, north Morocco):

Kefi et Al. (http://www.scribd.com/uzop/d/13401653-P3-Kefi-Et-Al-Anthropologie-2005) (french)

http://www.pasteur.fr/%7Etekaia/BCGA/TALKS/Rym_Kefi.ppt

Thanks, Tsukonin!

Did they report on their cross-contamination controls? These samples should be tested again. This time, fully sequenced. The HVR coverage is only partial. And there is no coding region data. I will include the data in the list from page one, when it is updated, and make changes, if necessary, to the haplogroup predictions (limitations notwithstanding), based on the most recent tree build at PhyloTree.

Mitochondrial diversity in the Taforalt population (circa 12,000 BP, Morocco): a genetic approach to the study of the peopling of North Africa.

ABSTRACT:
The population exhumed from the archaeological site of Taforalt in Morocco (12,000 years BP) is a valuable source of information toward a better knowledge of the settlement of Northern Africa region and provides a revolutionaryway to specify the origin of Ibero-Maurusian populations. Ancient DNA was extracted from 31 bone remains from Taforalt.The HVS1 fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was PCR-amplified and directly sequenced. Mitochondrial diversity in Taforalt shows the absence of sub-Saharan haplogroups suggesting that Ibero-Maurusian individuals had not originated in sub-Saharan region. Our results reveal a probable local evolution of Taforalt population and a genetic continuity in North Africa.


Twenty-one samples (?) were acceptable:

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/taforalt2.jpg


The location:

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/taforalt.jpg

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/kefi_etal.jpg

---------- Post added 2012-05-13 at 10:46 ----------


Tsukonin: Nothing about Guanches?

This is aDNA from 1000 years ago?

I would love to have greater resolution of the Y-DNA samples. Is the J1 (17%), J1(xP58)? I take it the K (10%) is probably T. STR data, and further SNP testing of the R-M269 (10%) men would be great too.

[Humanist]

Nothing to indicate DNA testing is underway. Just sharing some info.


Physical anthropology and the “Sumerian problem”

Arkadiusz Soltysiak
Department of Historical Anthropology
Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University, Poland



Human bones from Ur, Ubaid, Kish, Tell Arpachiya, Tell Abu Hureyra and some other sites are stored in the National History Museum in London and this is possibly the most important and most extensively studied museal series (e.g. Molleson 2000a, 2000b, Molleson, Blondiaux 1994; Molleson, Campbell 1995; Molleson, Hodgson 2000, 2003; Molleson, Jones 1991; Molleson et al. 1993).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Excavation of the tombs. This photograph gives some idea of the depth to which some of the tombs were buried.

http://sumerianshakespeare.com/mediac/450_0/media/3d3dfff71aa0f304ffff80f6ffffe417.jpg


The Great Death Pit: PG1237, with its 74 attendants, was the most spectacular of Ur’s royal tombs. Woolley called any burial without a tomb chamber a "death pit”. He named PG1237 “The Great Death Pit" because of the large number of bodies that were found within it. "PG" means private grave.

PG1237 included 6 men and 68 women. The men, near the tomb’s entrance, had weapons and were meant to guard the tomb against grave-robbers. Most of the women were in four rows across the northwest corner of the death pit. The women were dressed in scarlet. They wore ornamental headdresses and were adorned with jewelry of silver and gold, lapis lazuli and carnelian. Six women lay near two lyres and a harp, near the southeast wall. Almost all of the women had cups or shells containing cosmetic pigments. Body 61, in the upper right corner, was more elaborately attired than the others, and she held a silver tumbler close to her mouth. Half the women (but none of the men) had cups or jars, as if at a banquet.

http://sumerianshakespeare.com/mediac/450_0/media/4dba26778a30c360ffff955affffe415.jpg


The floor plan of The King's Grave (PG 789). As can be seen in the drawing, the burial chamber had been plundered in antiquity, but the death pit was completely undisturbed. The silver boat model found beside the door of the burial chamber is one of the few items that wasn't taken. It can be seen in the Miscellaneous section.

http://sumerianshakespeare.com/mediac/450_0/media/e11c85ca6bf8f9cffff84d1ffffe415.jpg


Source:http://sumerianshakespeare.com/509245/509266.html

[Tsukonin]

Did they report on their cross-contamination controls? These samples should be tested again. This time, fully sequenced. The HVR coverage is only partial. And there is no coding region data. I will include the data in the list from page one, when it is updated, and make changes, if necessary, to the haplogroup predictions (limitations notwithstanding),


[...]

I would love to have greater resolution of the Y-DNA samples. Is the J1 (17%), J1(xP58)? I take it the K (10%) is probably T. STR data, and further SNP testing of the R-M269 (10%) men would be great too.

I am using my laptop right now. I have to check on my PC what I have when I come back home.


As for guanches remains dating, since they come from different locations (different islands), they have different estimations actually:


Tenerife (2210 ± 60 to 1720 ± 60 BP), Gomera (1743 ± 40 to 1493 ± 40 BP), Hierro (1740 ± 50 to 970 ± 50 BP) and Gran Canaria (1410 ± 60 to 750 ± 60 BP). Although the Fuerteventura and La Palma materials were not directly C-14 dated, ceramic types coexcavated with the remains indicate that they were also prehispanic and not older than 1000 years BP.







^ That study about the Gaunches is very important, because it shows that R1b-M269 was already present on the Atlantic fringe in pre-Indo-European times. On the other hand R1a was only detected there in historic and modern samples.

Well, as you can see above, the Guanches tested are not very old actually. But the insularity of the Canary seems to have "preserved" the population since they don't have the founder effect on the paternal side. So I think they help to understand Berbers' genesis at least.

Having R1b-M269 in the Atlantic fringe (and no R1a) in a stone-age (and in a non-indo-european) population is still interesting.

[soulblighter]

There is a Kerala(South Indian) project on FTDNA: http://www.familytreedna.com/public/kerala/
which may be of interest to Syrian christians. There are many samples in there that belong to the group.

[Humanist]

Under the careful scrutiny of the clergy, scientists collect samples of possible bone relics from John the Baptist. (http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/national-geographic-channel/shows/explorer-1/ngc-relic-samples/)

Airs June 30th 4A et/pt


US NatGeo is airing it at 4AM on a Saturday morning. ;)

---------- Post added 2012-06-25 at 08:17 ----------


There is a Kerala(South Indian) project on FTDNA: http://www.familytreedna.com/public/kerala/
which may be of interest to Syrian christians. There are many samples in there that belong to the group.

Thanks, soulblighter. My best friend is Malayali. However, he is not Christian. Saint Thomas Christians attend our church on occasion. Here is one of our bishops (a Metropolitan, actually). Mar Aprem Mooken:

http://www.nestorian.org/db_H_G__Dr__Mar_Aprem__edit28.jpg


And just a note. The folks in India may refer to themselves as Syrian Christian. However, the "Syrian" should not be taken as a reference to the modern country of Syria. Genetically, linguistically, geographically, and in just about every other way, we are tied to Mesopotamia (~ modern Iraq). Not the Syrian Arab Republic.

[Humanist]

mtDNA


Note: mtDNA haplogroups and subclades may not be current with the most recent version of the PhyloTree.

Neolithic
1 T2b Syria PPNB 7400-6700 BC
2 H or K Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
3 ? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
4 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
5 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
6 H5 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
7 K? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
8 R? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
9 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
10 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
11 H Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
12 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
13 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
14 C1 Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
15 H3a? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
16 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
17 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
18 H3a? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
19 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
20 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC

Copper Age / Chalcolithic
21 H3a Turkey Ubaid 5000-4500 BC
22 U3a Israel ------ 4490-4335 BC
23 H? Israel ------ 4460-4365 BC
24 H6 Israel ------ 4240-4065 BC
25 H? Israel ------ 3765‐3650 BC

Bronze Age
26 H14a Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
27 U4 Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
28 U4a2b Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
29 R Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
30 J1a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
31 L2a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
32 K Syria Amorite 2650–2450 BC Site in Syria (Amorite?)

Iron Age
33 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
34 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
35 H Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
36 H or J1 Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
37 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
38 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
39 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
40 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
41 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
42 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
43 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem

Roman
44 H2a2b1 SY/IT Roman --c. 150 AD-- Luke the Evangelist. Born Antioch, Syria; buried Padua, Italy

45 J1c2 Bulg. Roman 1st Century AD May have been prominent figure among early Christians. From "John the Baptist" documentary.


In the "John the Baptist" documentary they state that they "managed to capture...the entire mitochondrial sequence."

Ian Logan's GenBank page lists the following fully sequenced J1c2 mitochondrial genomes:


Coble AY495218(European)
Coble AY495219(European)
Coble AY495220(European)
Coble AY495221(European)
Coble AY495223(European)
Coble AY495224(European)
Coble AY495225(European)
Coble AY495226(European)
Coble AY495227(European)
Coble AY495228(European)
Coble AY495229(European)
Coble AY495230(European)
Pello EU915479
FTDNA FJ499472
FTDNA FJ190383
FTDNA FJ499471
FTDNA HM590710
FTDNA HM803933(Ukrainian)
FTDNA HM856585(Finnish)
FTDNA JN663354(Armenian)
FTDNA JQ027716(Russia)



---------------------------------

The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 90, Issue 5, 915-924 4 May 2012
doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.003

Mitochondrial DNA Signals of Late Glacial Recolonization of Europe from Near Eastern Refugia

Supplemental Data for Pala et al.



Haplogroup Region Country and/or ethnicity
J1c2 Caucasus South Armenia
J1c2 Caucasus South Armenia


In the documentary, they state that the items associated with the bone fragments may have nexus to areas in the Aegean/Anatolia (please see below):

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/john_baptist_nexus.jpg

[Humanist]

Ziyaret Tepe, SE Turkey ("Tushan," during the Neo-Assyrian era), again. Same place as the mysterious language, recently reported in the news.

Rich Assyrian grave found beneath the floor in Operation M.


August 17, 2012

He was quite tall with very robust bones. All of these are preliminary field observations; the skeleton awaits study.

....

One very curious element of burial M-134 is the positioning of the body. This man was buried with his body stretched out, but face down, with the grave goods underneath him. This is highly unusual for an Assyrian burial; it’s hard to come up with many parallels right now. We’re not sure of the significance of the body position, but it is clear that this was an individual of some importance, given the wealth of material which accompanied him. The skeleton was articulated so it is clear that the deposition of the body in this manner was deliberate.

http://blogs.uakron.edu/ziyaret/files/2012/08/IMG_2104.jpg

[Humanist]

Dr. Tim Matney was kind enough to respond to a question I asked regarding the possibility for aDNA testing of the recently excavated remains.


No plans in the immediate future for running any aDNA tests, although the preservation of the bones is good enough that I expect we would be able to get some results. My experience with Early Bronze Age skeletal remains and aDNA from another site is that one really needs a good sized population to interpret the results. Here at Ziyaret Tepe, we have only a few dozen burials – and many of those in poor condition. We need a larger skeletal population. It would be interesting, of course, if we also had comparative populations for aDNA analysis from the Assyrian heartland in northern Iraq, as well as from contemporary Iron Age populations located in southeastern Turkey away from the river’s floodplain.

[Lol_Race]

I just came across something very surprising in this article (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6083/796.full) from Science.


Other researchers are applying new tools to old samples. Heat, humidity, and poor bone preservation have made it extremely difficult to extract ancient DNA from Near Eastern bones, essentially leaving the discipline out of the genetic revolution. But at the meeting, biologist Henryk Witas of the University of Łódź in Poland presented preliminary evidence of ancient mitochondrial DNA from human teeth from a half-dozen skeletons at two sites in eastern Syria dated to various times in the 3rd millennium B.C.E. Most of the DNA was related to haplotype group M, which is not found in people living in the Middle East today but is common among those now living in northern Pakistan, India, and Tibet. Witas concluded that people migrated from the northern part of the Indian subcontinent along trade routes to the west as early as 2500 B.C.E.

This surprising conclusion was hotly disputed by others, who suspect that the M group once existed in the Near East but has been diluted since. “There is no archaeological evidence of Central Asian migration” before medieval times, notes archaeologist Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault of the Sorbonne University in Paris, who excavated the Syrian sites. “It is way too premature to make any conclusions from this,” adds Reinhard Bernbeck of the Free University in Berlin. But the paper demonstrated that, here as elsewhere, ancient DNA may serve as a key tool.

I find it a bit odd that they don't mention the high frequency of M1 in Northeast Africa, which is closer to Syria than South Asia, and seems like a more plausible link for M found in Syria. Did they even test for M1? Very interesting either way, looking forward to hearing more about this.

---------- Post Merged at 14:58 ----------

Another mtDNA lineage with a possible Northeast African connection is L2a1, which was found in Syrian individuals living 6800-6000 BC. L2a1 is also observed in modern North Africans, East Africans, and Ashkenazi Jews.

[joseph capelli]

L2a1 haplotype could be a Red Sea marker.

[Humanist]

Dienekes : Talk by Christina Papageorgopoulou on Mesolithic/Neolithic Greek DNA (http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/12/talk-by-christina-papageorgopoulou-on.html)

Note the yellow bars. Iran ~1650 BCE and ~6500 BCE.

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/iran_aDNA.jpg


Maximizing the information of DNA extracts obtained from skeletal remains

Christian Sell, Susanne Kreutzer, Melanie Strobel
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany


A great advantage of next-generation technologies for the field of ancient DNA is the creation of DNA libraries. By transferring extracted DNA into a library, molecules of all sizes and quantities are made available for subsequent applications.

Our goal is to obtain as much information as possible from DNA included in an extract through library preparation and in-solution capture enrichment. To increase the amount of data from endogenous DNA towards contaminations through microorganisms and to ensure that only specific genomic regions of interest are sequenced, we aim to apply two different in-solution capture arrays with one single library: One array for human nuclear loci and one for the whole mitochondrial DNA.

Our protocol is based on the library protocol by Meyer and Kircher 2010 for ancient DNA[1]. However, we included a self-developed modification in one of the enzymatic steps. This enables us to reduce the recommended purification steps in the original protocol. The DNA extract is first purified after the adapter ligation step, at the time when molecules show required base pair length. Sample specific indices are attached during a PCR as part of the full adapter sequence on one end of each fragment. This approach enables simultaneous sequencing on NGS platforms.

For the following in-solution capture self-designed single cRNA oligo sequences of defined length of 120 bases are used as baits. We designed a bait library targeted the complete human mitochondrial genome. Ancient DNA libraries are enriched separately prior to pooling for sequencing. In our approach we enrich samples with low quantity of DNA separately in a PCR plate without pooling. Additionally, specific blocking oligos for each index were designed to block the entire adapter sequence during hybridization step and thus increase the enrichment efficiency.

So far capture enrichments were performed for over 50 archaeological samples in different states of preservation and from different time periods. Furthermore, there is another capture assay in development. This assay for human nuclear loci combines nearly 400 neutral regions and more than 160 SNPs under selection.

We will present summarized results of the first data analyses, discuss successful experiments and point out possible pitfalls during the workflow.

http://imgpublic.mci-group.com/ie/PCO/AllAbstracts_FINAL.pdf

[Humanist]

(Image Source:http://www.biography.com/people/ramses-iii-40236)

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/R/Ramses-III-40236-1-402.jpg

Mummy of Ramesses III

Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study (http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8268)
BMJ 2012;345:e8268 (Published 17 December 2012)


Genetic kinship analyses revealed identical haplotypes in both mummies (table 1⇓); using the Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor, we determined the Y chromosomal haplogroup E1b1a...

Hopefully, they eventually test Ramesses III's sample for Y-DNA SNPs.



Y-DNA
Iron Age
1 E1b1a Egypt 20Dyn ~1155 BC Ramesses III, Twentieth Dynasty (New Kingdom)



mtDNA

Note: mtDNA haplogroups and subclades may not be current with the most recent version of the PhyloTree.

Neolithic
1 T2b Syria PPNB 7400-6700 BC
2 H or K Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
3 ? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
4 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
5 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
6 H5 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
7 K? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
8 R? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
9 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
10 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
11 H Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
12 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
13 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
14 C1 Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
15 H3a? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
16 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
17 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
18 H3a? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
19 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
20 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC

Copper Age / Chalcolithic
21 H3a Turkey Ubaid 5000-4500 BC
22 U3a Israel ------ 4490-4335 BC
23 H? Israel ------ 4460-4365 BC
24 H6 Israel ------ 4240-4065 BC
25 H? Israel ------ 3765‐3650 BC

Bronze Age
26 H14a Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
27 U4 Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
28 U4a2b Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
29 R Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
30 J1a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
31 L2a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
32 K Syria Amorite 2650–2450 BC Site in Syria (Amorite?)

Iron Age
33 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
34 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
35 H Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
36 H or J1 Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
37 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
38 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
39 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
40 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
41 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
42 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
43 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem

Roman
44 H2a2b1 SY/IT Roman --c. 150 AD-- Luke the Evangelist. Born Antioch, Syria; buried Padua, Italy

45 J1c2 Bulg. Roman 1st Century AD May have been prominent figure among early Christians. From "John the Baptist" documentary.

[Humanist]

Ancient Y-DNA from Nubia. (http://etd2.uofk.edu/view_etd.php?etd_details=4312)




Y-DNA
Neolithic
1 A1b1b2b Nubia xxxxxx "A-M13 was found at high frequencies..."

Iron Age
2 E1b1a Egypt 20Dyn ~1155 BC Ramesses III, Twentieth Dynasty (New Kingdom)

Meroitic (300 BC to 400 AD, Pre-Islamic Sudan)
3 F-M89 Sudan xxxxxx "F-M89 and YAP[DE] appeared to be more frequent..."
4 YAP Sudan xxxxxx "F-M89 and YAP[DE] appeared to be more frequent..."



mtDNA

Note: mtDNA haplogroups and subclades may not be current with the most recent version of the PhyloTree.

Neolithic
1 T2b Syria PPNB 7400-6700 BC
2 H or K Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
3 ? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
4 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
5 T2b Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
6 H5 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
7 K? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
8 R? Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
9 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
10 L2a1 Syria PPNB 6800-6000 BC
11 H Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
12 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
13 K Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
14 C1 Syria PPNB 6000-5750 BC
15 H3a? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
16 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
17 ? Turkey Halaf 6000-5800 BC
18 H3a? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
19 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC
20 ? Turkey ------ 6000-4000 BC

Copper Age / Chalcolithic
21 H3a Turkey Ubaid 5000-4500 BC
22 U3a Israel ------ 4490-4335 BC
23 H? Israel ------ 4460-4365 BC
24 H6 Israel ------ 4240-4065 BC
25 H? Israel ------ 3765‐3650 BC

Bronze Age
26 H14a Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
27 U4 Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
28 U4a2b Syria Sumer 2900-2700 BC Site in Syria
29 R Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
30 J1a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
31 L2a1 Syria Sumer ----2550 BC---- Site in Syria
32 K Syria Amorite 2650–2450 BC Site in Syria (Amorite?)

Iron Age
33 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
34 H or V? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
35 H Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
36 H or J1 Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
37 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
38 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
39 W? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
40 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
41 W Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
42 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem
43 ? Israel Jewish ---0-100 AD--- Tomb of the Shroud, Akeldama, Jerusalem

Roman
44 H2a2b1 SY/IT Roman --c. 150 AD-- Luke the Evangelist. Born Antioch, Syria; buried Padua, Italy

45 J1c2 Bulg. Roman 1st Century AD May have been prominent figure among early Christians. From "John the Baptist" documentary.

[Humanist]

Came across this:

http://i1096.photobucket.com/albums/g326/dok101/monge_morris.jpg

[Radagast]

Hopefully, they eventually test Ramesses III's sample for Y-DNA SNPs.

[CODE]
Y-DNA
Iron Age
1 E1b1a Egypt 20Dyn ~1155 BC Ramesses III, Twentieth Dynasty (New Kingdom)



I hate to keep trolling this but this really needs to be put into perspective. The only thing that made the predictor turn out to be anything was DYS385a/b with values of 20,20 respectively. This is because E1b1 et al have known haplotypes (also included in the y-predictor dataset for the algorithm to work) with high values for these markers. Pretty much none of the other markers match any haplogroup. Better yet DYS392 > 13 is only seen in YDNA LT. So while there are known E1b1 haplotypes with 20,20 (or pretty close), this is not to say no other haplogroup can have these values considering how divergent every other value was for this mummy. Moreover 385ab have a much wider range and seem to mutate more often than some of these other markers (ie: 392)

The case is not closed by any means or proven.

[Humanist]

Tue, 19 Jun 2012

The DNA of Kurdistan (http://www.hud.ac.uk/research/researchnews/thednaofkurdistan.php)


Major Kurdistan project to probe the past of an ancient people

AS Kurdistan forges a new future as an emerging democracy, a major project is underway to unearth the past of its people, who might have been the world’s first farmers. And the University of Huddersfield’s expertise in the analysis of ancient DNA samples is playing a crucial role.

Soran University in Kurdistan – which is a now a self-governing, democratic region – has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the University of Huddersfield, home to laboratories and a team of researchers headed by Professor Martin Richards (pictured). He is acknowledged as a global leader in the science of archaeogenetics, which combines archaeology and DNA analysis in order to learn more about prehistoric peoples and how they migrated around the world.

The research project initiated by Soran University is named ‘Genetic Ancestry of Kurdish Populations’. PhD and Masters students are being recruited and research will be split between Kurdistan itself and the University of Huddersfield’s state-of-the-art laboratories.

DNA will be extracted from hundreds of samples collected from across Kurdistan and genetic sequencing will be used to gain a greater understanding of the origins of the Kurds, who have had a turbulent history.

Representatives of Soran University visited Huddersfield last year, and there was a reciprocal visit by a party from Huddersfield, who discussed areas of research collaboration. The genetic ancestry project was settled on, and Professor Andrew Ball, who is the University of Huddersfield Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research and Enterprise, visited Kurdistan to sign the MoU. Professor Richards has also visited Kurdistan in February this year to discuss the project and plans are now underway to recruit students and begin the sampling.

“This project is a great departure for us and enormously exciting,” says Professor Richards. “Kurdistan is archaeologically one of the most fascinating regions in the world – it was inhabited first by Neanderthals, escaping from Europe’s cold during the Ice Age, and soon after by modern humans as they came north from their African homeland about 50,000 years ago.

“Not only that, but it was quite possibly the place where people first took up farming, almost twelve thousand years ago. We’re hoping that this work will help us to see if there are traces of those early settlements in the genetic make-up of the modern-day populations of the region.”

[Humanist]

Comparison to three modern populations from present day Turkey, Armenia, Iraq and Iran: Armenians, Azeris, and Assyrians. From here (http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showpost.php?p=724085&postcount=22). H is the dominant haplogroup in all three groups. In contrast to the Neolithic and post-Neolithic aDNA from Turkey, Israel, and Syria, U is observed with significant frequency. It is the second most frequent haplogroup observed in all three groups. And, although U5 is observed, its frequency is relatively modest (see further below, for U break down, from this study (Assyrian frequencies added) (http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showpost.php?p=530691&postcount=1)).


HG Asy Azr Arm
H 27% 26% 27%
U 25% 20% 16%
HV 16% 10% 12%
J 14% 11% 13%
T 8% 11% 8%
K 3% 6% 5%
I 2% 5% 4%
N 2% 2% 5%
W 2% 2% 3%
X 2% 1% 4%
M 0% 1% 0%
A 0% 1% 0%
D 0% 1% 0%
L 0% 1% 0%
R 0% ? 2%
V 0% ? 1%
F 0% ? 1%
? 0% 3% ?



ID U* U1a U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 K(U8)
Ab 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.044 0.000 Arab
Ar 0.000 0.019 0.038 0.077 0.038 0.019 0.019 0.000 0.076 Armenian
As 0.016 0.048 0.016 0.048 0.016 0.016 0.000 0.095 0.032 Assyrian
Az 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.019 0.038 0.000 0.094 0.038 Azeri
B 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.016 0.000 0.081 0.016 Baloch
G 0.000 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.043 Gilak
J 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.145 0.000 Jewish
K 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.073 0.036 Kurd
L1 0.000 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.000 Lur1
L2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345 0.103 Lur2
M 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.059 0.000 0.020 0.020 Mazandarani
P 0.017 0.000 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.034 0.000 0.103 0.034 Pars
Qa 0.000 0.043 0.000 0.108 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.065 0.022 Qashqaee
Qe 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.036 Qeshm
T 0.036 0.000 0.018 0.000 0.036 0.036 0.000 0.073 0.036 Turkmen
Z 0.000 0.020 0.143 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.000 Zoroastrian


See this thread: "Mysterious Minoans were European" - yahoo news (http://www.forumbiodiversity.com/showthread.php/42021-quot-Mysterious-Minoans-were-European-quot-yahoo-news)

From Hughey et al.


The majority of Minoans were classified in haplogroups H (43.2%), T (18.9%), K (16.2%) and I (8.1%). Haplogroups U5A, W, J2, U, X and J were each identified in a single individual.


Lasithi Plateau, Crete, Greece:

http://i1178.photobucket.com/albums/x372/paulgiva78/passover/Lassithi.jpg

[Humanist]

A very interesting comment by one of the administrators of the Armenian DNA project:


[A]ncient samples from Armenia will be DNA examined in the near future. Professor Episkoposian is working on that project.